Verbs and Adverbs

Definition of Verb

A verb is a word that describes an activity, action, state or existence. For e.g:

• Children play in the park. (action)
• Her hands are warm. (state)
• The Taj Mahal is in Agra. (existence)

Types of Verb

1. The main verb includes all the verbs that describe an action. The main verbs are of two types:

• Transitive verbs are those which describes an action is being done over an object. For e.g:

        Naman is reading a novel.

        She plays football.

• Intransitive verbs are those which describes an action done by the subject rather than the action on any object. For e.g:

        The baby is crying loudly.

        He walks very fast.

2. The helping verb or auxiliaries are used with the main verb. These auxiliaries are further sub-divided into two parts:

• Primary Auxiliaries are used to determine tenses, voices, negation, interrogation, etc. For e.g:

        Rahul did the job perfectly.

        They have played for six hours.

• Modals are often used as a helping verb to form sentences that imply any permission, obligation, order, etc. Example: will, shall, can, could, should, must, might,

Conjugation of Verb 

Conjugation of a verb includes three principle form of the verb. They are present tense (original), past tense, past participle tense. Few examples are listed below.

Definition of Adverb

An adverb is a word that is used to modify a verb, an adjective or an adverb. For e.g:

• Mohit is a very careless driver.
• Mohit drives carelessly.
• Smita rides very carefully.

Types of Adverbs

1. Adverbs of time are used to describe when an action is done.

Examples

• I went to the doctor yesterday.
• The train will arrive tonight.
• Rahul left the party too early.

1. Adverbs of Frequency tells how many times an action has been done.
   
   Examples

       I will go again.

      He frequently gets faint.

• Adverbs of Place describes where an action has occurred.

Examples

          God is everywhere.

          Go inside and close the gate.

1. Adverbs of Manner denotes in what way/manner an action has been done.

Examples

          She speaks German fluently.

          Rohan is working hard to stay fit.

1. Adverbs of Degree tells us about the degree of a quality or an action. It is of three types:
   
   

• Low Degree

          Examples: bit, little, least, slightly, etc.

• Medium Degree

          Examples: fairly, sufficiently, rather, etc.

• High Degree

          Examples: extremely, quite, too, etc.

1. Adverbs of Reason describes why an action has taken place.

Examples

He has gained excess weight. So he started doing yoga.

• Interrogative Adverbs are used to ask questions.

Examples

      Why are you late?

      How many students are present today?

• Relative Adverbs are used for joining two sentences.

Example

         I know the reason why he stole my things.

        This is the place where we first met. 

Recap

1. A verb is a word that describes an action, activity, state or existence.
2. There are two types of the verb: main verb and helping verb/auxiliaries.

• Main verb includes transitive and intransitive verb.

1. Auxiliaries includes primary auxiliaries and modals.
2. Conjugation of a verb tells about the tense of the verb.
3. An adverb is a word that is used to modify a verb, adjective or an adverb.

• There are seven kinds of adverbs: Adverbs of time, frequency, place, manner, degree, reason, interrogative adverbs, and relative adverbs.
• Adverbs of Degree includes low degree, medium degree, and high degree.